Which condition is classified as a congenital disorder affecting the musculoskeletal system?

Muscular dystrophy is classified as a congenital disorder affecting the musculoskeletal system because it is primarily a genetic condition that manifests at birth or in early childhood. This group of diseases is characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles, which are responsible for movement. The underlying cause of muscular dystrophy involves mutations in genes related to muscle function, leading to a gradual loss of muscle mass and strength over time.

In contrast, other conditions on the list do not fit the same classification. Osteoporosis, for instance, is an acquired condition often related to aging, hormonal changes, or nutritional deficiencies leading to weakened bones. Cerebral palsy results from brain damage or abnormal brain development, often occurring before or during birth. Spinal muscular atrophy is also a genetic disorder, but it typically affects nerve cells controlling voluntary muscle movement, and it is not classified solely as a musculoskeletal disorder. Thus, muscular dystrophy is distinct in its congenital nature and specific impact on the musculoskeletal system.